Exposición Ocupacional a sustancias químicas peligrosas y su relación con alteraciones respiratorias en trabajadores industriales, factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23205862Palabras clave:
prevención, higiene industrial, enfermedades respiratorias, sustancias químicas, exposición ocupacionalResumen
Las exposiciones químicas industriales pueden asociarse con síntomas y enfermedades respiratorias. Se realizó una revisión narrativa crítica de revisiones, cohortes y estándares técnicos sobre agentes, medición y prevención. Se distinguieron síntomas, asma, EPOC y silicosis, conservando medidas de asociación y límites de inferencia. La evidencia identifica riesgos relacionados con limpieza, plaguicidas, compuestos volátiles, isocianatos y sílice, con heterogeneidad de tareas y poblaciones. Se propone un programa que conecta inventario, evaluación higiénica, controles y vigilancia. Se concluye que la prevención debe actuar sobre fuentes y exposición acumulada, con protección respiratoria adecuada, mediciones válidas y confidencialidad, sin sustituir controles técnicos por exámenes periódicos.
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